Firm-Specific Prep

Real Investment Banking Interview Questions

Every question below was actually asked in a recent investment banking interview and reported by the candidate afterward — not recycled from a generic prep guide. We tag each one by the firm that asked it, because the same core concepts (three-statement mechanics, valuation, accretion/dilution) get tested very differently depending on where you're interviewing.

Why "generic" question banks fall short

Most IB prep resources pull from the same recycled 400-question list everyone else is also studying. That's useful for building baseline knowledge, but it doesn't prepare you for how a specific firm actually interviews — PJT's dense multi-part numeric problems look very different from Centerview's mix of mental math, brain teasers, and open-ended case reasoning. Real, firm-tagged questions close that gap.

Sample real questions, by firm

Qatalyst Partners: "What is stock-based compensation? A company plans to pay an employee in cash, but switches to stock-based compensation halfway through the year — walk through the impact on the three statements."
Full breakdown + more Qatalyst Partners questions →
PJT Partners: "Company A has a P/E of 5x and acquires Company B, which has a P/E of 8x, using 50% stock, 25% debt, and 25% cash. The cost of debt is 5%, the foregone interest on cash is 2%, and the tax rate is 50%. Is this accretive or dilutive? (No calculator.)"
Full breakdown + more PJT Partners questions →
Evercore: "If a company adds debt until it makes up 90% of its capital structure, what happens to WACC? What happens to the cost of debt and the cost of equity individually, and why?"
Full breakdown + more Evercore questions →
Centerview Partners: "If a company burns $100 in cash, how does that impact Enterprise Value? Walk through why."
Full breakdown + more Centerview Partners questions →
Lock 8 Partners: "What's the difference between NDR and GDR? If you could only use one, which would you pick?"
Full breakdown + more Lock 8 Partners questions →
Ducera Partners: "If a CEO found $100 million in cash lying on the ground, how would that impact Enterprise Value? Can EV ever be lower than Equity Value?"
Full breakdown + more Ducera Partners questions →

Every firm we cover

How to actually use real interview questions in your prep

Reading through a list of real questions is a start, but it isn't practice. The more useful approach: attempt each question cold, out loud, before reading the answer — then check your reasoning against a full explanation, not just a final number. Pay attention to why a mistake is wrong, not just that it was wrong, since interviewers almost always ask a follow-up that tests whether you actually understood the concept or just got lucky on the arithmetic.

Frequently asked questions

Are these actually real interview questions, or a generic list?
Real — every question on this page and linked from it was reported by a candidate directly after their actual interview, tagged with the firm that asked it.
Do investment banks ask the same questions every cycle?
Core concepts (three-statement mechanics, valuation methodologies, accretion/dilution) repeat every cycle, but the specific framing and follow-ups vary by firm and even by interviewer — which is why firm-specific practice matters more than a single generic question bank.
Where can I practice these questions with feedback?
ApexIB grades your answers against a rubric and tracks which concepts you're actually weak on, rather than just handing you a static PDF of questions.

Related articles

Qatalyst Partners Interview Questions
A full equity value bridge, stock comp mechanics, and a paper LBO.
PJT Partners Interview Questions
Dense, multi-part numeric problems — three-statement builds, diluted shares, and more.
How to Study for Investment Banking Interviews
A framework for splitting your prep across concepts, stories, and mocks.
Practice real, firm-tagged questions — graded.
Try Firm Specific practice